As electric vehicles become more common, large numbers of vehicles charging at the same time can place significant pressure on local electricity networks. However, EV batteries also represent a valuable source of flexibility: vehicles are often parked for several hours and, with vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology, can return energy to the grid. The challenge is to make use of this flexibility without compromising drivers’ charging needs or relying on rigid pricing schemes that give users little incentive to participate.

This project develops a dynamic pricing and scheduling framework that gives each EV driver a personalised menu of charging and V2G options. As vehicles arrive, the system updates these options according to electricity market conditions, available charging capacity, and the needs of vehicles already connected. Drivers remain in control by choosing the option that best suits them, while the system coordinates charging and discharging within the physical limits of the parking facility. Using Australian electricity market data, the project explores how smarter incentives can improve the operation of EV parking facilities, and turn parked EVs into flexible energy resources that can support renewable electricity integration.