ㅈ Hanmun Dictionary Entry
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| Character | Pron. | Saegim | Word class | English | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 者 | 자 | 사람 자 | n | Added to a verb or verb phrase to indicate the person or thing carrying out the action | 殿下復將何物, 以待賢者, 而與之共理邦國乎? “With what object does Your Majesty again treat the sages (wise ones), that you may rule the country with them?” Chungjong 5. 1508/4/28. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wka_10304028_002. (DOP) |
| 自 | 자 | 스스로 자 | prep. | From, since | 自楚之秦 "He went from Chu to Qin," 出自東門 "He went out from the east gate." Chŏngjo 3. 1777/4/15. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wva_10104015_001. (ADJ) |
| 自 | 자 | 스스로 자 | adv | Of their own freewill, spontaneously (not under torture or interrogation) | 卽捉可疑者二人 .. 自言: 爲泰仁使令 "We quickly apprehended 2 suspects...they told us of their own volition 'when we were civil runners in T’aein'..." Yŏngjo 1728/3/25. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wua_10403025_005. (ADJ) |
| 子 | 자 | 아들 자 | n | Kids, offspring (자식) | 其子參酌減死, 而執法之道, 不可不論。 請象極子緣坐, 依法施行. "We are obliged to discuss. I request that Im Sanggǔk’s son be given the same sentence as his father, according to the law." Yŏngjo 17. 1728/4/9. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wua_10404009_015. (ADJ) |
| 字 | 자 | 글자 자 | n | Name that people were sometimes known by (apart from their original name) often used after they got married | 鄭哥字伯通 "Chŏng Ka, who goes by the name of Paekt’ong." Yŏngjo 16. 1728/3/19. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wua_10403019_011. (ADJ) |
| 潛 | 잠 | 잠길 잠 | adj, adv, v | Sunken, hidden, secret. Secretly. To sink | 潛商現發者與受同罪事, 則不可不申嚴。"It is a grave and serious matter to be charged with the crime of illicit (secretive) commerce." Sukchong 6. 1678/9/5. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/ksa_10409005_003. (DOP) |
| 將 | 장 | 장수 장 | n, v | General, commander. To command, to lead | 時, 重房諸將, 內有所挾, 蔑視東班, 傅霖不少屈, 與之抗禮, 坐此失官。"At that time, many generals on the Military Council (重房) put their faith in the power of the Court and despised the eastern faction (東班, literati). Ham Purim (咸傅霖) refused to budge and struggled with them, eventually losing his position." T'aejong 10. 1410/12/1. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/kca_11012001_002. (DOP) |
| 長 | 장 | 긴 장 | v | To grow up | 如龜城君之長則無憂矣。 龜城君亦有物望。 "If I grow up with Kwi Sŏnggun (Yi Chun 李浚) I will have no worries, and he will have ambition." Sŏngjong 2. 1470/1/15. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/kia_10101015_007. (DOP) |
| 長 | 장 | 긴 장 | v, n | To preside over, lead. Leader | 況一家兄弟三人, 俱長大官亦未安。"Even if there are three brothers in a family and they all grow up to become great officials (leaders), they will not be at peace." Sŏngjong sillok 1. 1469/12/30. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/kia_10012030_002. (DOP) |
| 長 | 장 | 긴 장 | adj, n | Long, length | 千牛將軍一人執長刀立於輅前北向。"A member of the royal guard drew a long sword, stood before the royal palanquin, and faced north." Sejong sillok 1. 1418/8/11. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wda_10008011_002. (DOP) |
| 葬 | 장 | 장사 장 | v, n | To bury, to mourn. Burial, mourning | 葬者, 藏也。 所以藏其骸骨, 不暴露也。"Burial involves concealing, therefore the skeletal remains are hidden and not exposed." Sejong sillok 10. 1420/11/7. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/kda_10211007_003. (DOP) |
| 壯 | 장 | 장할 장 | adj | Strong, robust | 今若擇其丁壯爲實兵, 而汰其餘爲保, 則皆當爲精兵。"Now, if you gather the strongest men of conscription age and make them active soldiers, and take the rest and make them reserve soldiers, you will have an elite force." Sukchong sillok 12. 1681/8/8. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wsa_10708008_002. (DOP) |
| 杖 | 장 | 지팡이 장 | n, v | Walking stick, to walk with a walking stick. A cane or club (for punishment) | 則擅入宮殿門, 乃杖六十徒一年半也。"Anyone who recklessly enters to gates of the palace will receive 60 (lashes of the) cane and serve one year and a half of penal servitude." Myŏngjong 5. 1547/6/14. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/kma_10206014_002. (DOP) |
| 腸 | 장 | 창자 장 | n | Intestines, bowels | 抉出牛腸, 投身其中, 以出其瘡蟲, 賣肉屠肆, 事極醜汚, 意在移毒。 宜施徙邊之律, 以絶民害。 |
| 坐 | 좌 | 앉을 좌 | v, n | To sit. A seat, place | 別試則廣取人才, 至殿試, 又有取捨矣。 如式年覆試, 則選試已畢, 殿試只坐次而已。"In the case of special examinations, talent was recruited widely, after which they would sit for the palace examination and be further vetted. In case of the metropolitan examination in the capital, with the preliminary examinations already concluded, the palace examination merely assigned seats (places) to those who had already been qualified." Chungjong 18. 8/29/1513. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wka_10808029_007. (DOP). |
| 坐 | 좌 | 앉을 좌 | v | To try on criminal charges, to sentence | 近來坐罪者皆自作之孽, 然予慮怨懟者多也。"These days those who are found guilty of (sentenced to) crimes bring it upon themselves, but I expect there will be many who resent this." Yŏnsangun 31. 11/18/1498. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wja_10411118_003. (DOP). |
| 左 | 좌 | 왼 좌 | adj | Left | 太祖令亂揷紙丸於積稻之上, 射之皆中, 謂左右曰: "今日射獸, 當盡中脊。" T'aejo placed the wads of paper on the stacks of rice crop, struck every one of them with his arrow, and said to those to his left and right, "Every beast we hunt today we shall strike square in the back of the head." T'aejo 1. 1392. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/waa_000071. (DOP). |
| 哉 | 재 | 어조사 재 | postposition | Final particle expressing exclamation or surprise | 上曰: "此言固滯已甚矣, 予豈不深慮而爲此法哉?" The King spoke, "Your words are too rigid. How could I pass this law without more carefully contemplating it?" Sejong 70. 1435/12/13. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wda_11712013_001. (DOP). |
| 在 | 재 | 있을 재 | v | To be located (in a place); to exist, to be living | 聞金銅之在山, 則必採掘之如不及, 至於人材, 則未聞有竭力而求之, 至誠而招之。 宜殿下以不見人材, 喟然而歎也。"When you hear that gold and copper are in the mountains, you rush to dig them up without a second thought, but when it comes to talent, there is no evidence that Your Majesty has sought them out or recruited them (for work) and so it is natural that Your Majesty laments, 'There is no talent.'" Chŏngjo 10. 1780/11/12. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wva_10411012_001. (DOP). |
| 才 | 재 | 재주 재 | adj | Talent, ability | 李安愚本非文武之才, 又無功烈之稱, 特蒙上恩, 位至戶曹參判 "Yi Anwu was not naturally gifted in the martial or literary arts, nor did he possess any merit worthy of mention, but he was especially favoured by the heavens, and so his position reached that of Junior Minister of the Treasury Department." Sejong 8. 1420/4/29. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wda_10204029_002. (DOP). |
| 適 | 적 | 맞을 적 | v | To satisfy, to please | 而只爲便適之道, 有此釋務之念 "And yet, you think to arrange these matters for the sake of expediency." Kyŏngjong 5. 1721/10/13. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/kta_10110013_004. (DOP) |
| 適 | 적 | 맞을 적 | v; adj | To happen; to be suitable for | 豹皮適用則可矣, 奚必長廣爲哉. "Leopard hide is suitable for use, but it needn't be long and wide." Hyojong 9. 1652/10/23. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wqa_10310023_004. (DOP). |
| 賊 | 적 | 도둑 적 | n | Thief, bandit, enemy | 賊五百餘騎來犯鍾城鎭, 隔江相戰, 射殺八十餘級。 賊乃遁, 我兵無死者。"More than 500 mounted enemy soldiers came and attacked Chongsŏngjin, so we fought them in the river and killed more than eighty of them. The enemy fled, and not one of our men was killed." Sejo 22. 1460/10/24. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wga_10610024_002. (DOP). |
| 全 | 전 | 온전할 전 | adj; v; adv | To be complete, preserved; to complete, to preserve; completely | 偶然失火, 戰船全體燒燼, 所載軍器、什物、軍餉米, 殆無餘遺. "A fire suddenly broke out, engulfing the entire ship, and the armaments, boat equipment, and military grain rations went up in flames, with little trace." Sunjo 2. 3/26/1801. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wwa_10103026_005. (DOP). |
| 前 | 전 | 앞 전 | adj; adv; v | Front, former(ly), at first; to come forward | 內需司擅自判付, 已有前例。"There are already previous cases (precedents) of arbitrary rulings by the Ministry of the Interior." Yŏnsangun ilgi 18. 9/20/1496. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/kja_10209020_002. (DOP). |
| 戰 | 전 | 싸울 전 | v; n; adj | To fight; combat, war | 命濟州式年貢馬時山馬, 限二百匹上送, 以性剛氣壯, 可合戰馬也。"Each ceremonial year (式年) 200 hundred mountain horses from Jeju Province were designated as tribute because they were suitable for war horses because of their strong temperment and vigor. Yŏngjo 21. 3/7/1729. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wua_10503007_005. (DOP). |
| 專 | 전 | 오로지 전 | v; adv | To focus on, to act single-mindedly, to monopolise; only | 專爲我國, 然此非計也。This is for the sake of our country alone; it is not a scheme. Sejo 3. 2/18/1456. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wga_10202018_001. (DOP). |
| 傳 | 전 | 전할 전 | v | To pass long, to transmit | 殿下以宗社大統, 傳付世子, 授受之際, 當正其始 "His Majesty transmits our country's lineage of rule to the Crown Prince, and it must be taken up when the time is proper." T'aejong 12. 8/21/1406. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/kca_10608021_001 (DOP). |
| 傳 | 전 | 전할 전 | n | Transmission, tradition, teaching, biography | 胡安國作傳, 而聖人之旨始大明矣。Ho Anguk (Hu Anguo) wrote his commentary on the Spring and Autumn Annals (春秋傳) and the teachings of the sages were greatly clarified." Chŏngjo 2. 8/8/ 1776. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/kva_10008008_005. (DOP). |
| 田 | 전 | 밭 전 | n | A field | 近來東作、西成, 民失其業, 而其所耕田土, 盡爲陳荒 "Recently people have lost the fruits of their spring planting and autumn harvest, and fields previously cultivated have become fallow" Chungjong 1. 9/28/1506. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wka_10109028_002. (DOP). |
| 節 | 절 | 마디 절 | n | Joint, section | |
| 節 | 절 | 마디 절 | adj; v | Virtue, chastity; to be virtuous, self-restrained; to restrain or limit | 熊川軍士二三十人把截, 夜關晝開, 以節出入。"Station 20-30 soldiers to stand on guard at Ungch'ŏn, and let them create a blockade by night and open it by day while restricting access." Sejo 1. 7/22/1455. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wga_10107022_001. (DOP). |
| 絶 | 절 | 끊을 절 | v | To cut short, to break | 臣等竊聞, 佛氏之敎, 以淸淨寡欲、離世絶俗爲宗, 未聞有治國家之道也。"Your subject has heard that the Buddha's teachings are pure and free from greed, and based on a renunciation of the world, but he has yet to hear that these teachings are the basis to rule a country." T'aejong 3. 4/22/1402. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/kca_10204022_001. (DOP). |
| 竊 | 절 | 훔칠 절 | adv | Secretly, without authorisation | |
| 竊 | 절 | 훔칠 절 | v | To steal | 罪人家舍、財産及奴婢田土, 皆出於生民膏血, 不可任人偸竊, 歸於虛地。"The house, assets, slaves and land of the guilty party came from the blood (labour) of the people, and so they cannot be recklessly appropriated and wasted." Injo 1. 3/19/1623. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wpa_10103019_015. (DOP). |
| 竊 | 절 | 훔칠 절 | adv | In my humble opinion... | 卿之上來, 予日望之。 勞苦遠來, 予竊喜幸, 卿其勿辭察職。"I have been awaiting your coming for so long, and now that you have endured so much to travel so far, I am pleased and fortunate. Do not refuse this honour, but rather fulfill your duty." Injo 1. 4/16/1423. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wpa_10104016_002. (DOP). |
| 接 | 접 | 이을 접 | v | To join, to connect, to meet, to treat (someone), receive someone | 無殿下之命, 而擅接異國之人, 可乎? "Is it permissable to meet (receive) a foreigner without His Majesty's permission?" Tanjong 5. 2/22/1453. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wfa_10102022_002. (DOP). |
| 政 | 정 | 정사 정 | n | Government, administration, management | 祖宗之善政, 率皆遵守; 祖宗之過擧, 率皆釐改, 則可謂善繼善述, 而卽爲大孝矣。"When we follow the ancestors' good governance and correct all of their transgressions, this is proper inheritance, and practicing great filial piety." Chungjong 2. 1/12/1507. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wka_10201012_003. (DOP). |
| 井 | 정 | 우물 정 | n | Well (for getting water); village | 掘井二處, 水未周足。"Two wells were dug, but the water was insufficient." Sejong 51. 3/10/1431. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wda_11303010_002. (DOP). |
| 庭 | 정 | 뜰 정 | n | Court (of a ruler) | 在庭臣僚, 孰非喬木、世祿、休戚與共者乎? "Among the ministers at court, who is of a family who have been in the service of the state for generations?" Kojong 1. 12/22/1863. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wza_10012022_001. (DOP). |
| 諸 | 제 | 모두 제 | particle | Plural marker (placed in front of a noun); Various~ | 然我國諸將之號, 上國焉得而知之? "How would the titles of our various generals be known in the higher country (China)? Yejong 3. 1/16/1469. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/kha_10101016_001. (DOP). |
| 弟 | 제 | 아우 제 | n | Little brother | 而汝以其弟, 又何敢如是? "How dare you do such a thing, as his youngest brother?" Chŏngjo 4. 8/19/1777. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/kva_10108019_006. (DOP). |
| 祭 | 제 | 제사 제 | v; n | To worship, to offer sacrifices; a festival | 箕子之祭, 宜載祀典, 春秋致祭, 以昭崇德之義。 且檀君, 實吾東方始祖, 宜與箕子竝祀一廟。" The sacrifices to Kija are contained in the Sacrificial Rites (sajŏn 祀典) and offerings are made in the spring and autumn, through which his majesty's righteousness is revealed. Tangun is the progenitor of our eastern nation, and we must offer worship at the same shrine along with Kija. T'aejong 23. 6/6/1412. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wca_11206006_002. (DOP). |
| 除 | 제 | 덜 제 | v | To remove, to get rid of | 而以除初試庭試磨鍊。"It was ordered that the preliminary examinations (ch'osi) be removed and special examinations (chŏngsi) be prepared." Kojong 1. 2/13/1864. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wza_10102013_004. (DOP). |
| 鳥 | 조 | 새 조 | n | Bird | 咸鏡道, 八月初四日, 自西北間, 狂風雨雹交作, 向東南而去, 大如鳥卵。"On August 4 in Hamgyŏng Province a wild wind blew from the northwest to the southeast, bringing hail the size of birds' eggs." Kwanghaegun ilgi 118. 8/23/1617. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wob_10908023_003. (DOP). |
| 譟 | 조 | 시끄러울 조 | v | To cause a racket. To abuse, to curse | 今月二十七日, 倭賊犯安骨浦, 圍城呼譟 "On the 27th of this month Japanese pirates attacked Angolp'o. encircling the port and causing a great commotion." Chungjong 11. 7/1/1510. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wka_10507001_001. (DOP). |
| 遭 | 조 | 만날 조 | v | To encounter, to meet with | 辛丑以後, 歷艱辛之會, 遭難堪之事 "Since the first year of Kyŏng's reign (1721) we have undergone many hardships and encountered much difficulty" Yŏngjo 100. 8/26/1762. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wua_13808026_002. (DOP). |
| 足 | 족 | 발 족 | adj; n | 1) to be sufficient; to be competent at 2) foot | 慶尙道則雖曰小稔, 民生安有足乎? "Though Kyŏngsang Province is said to have had a good harvest, how can this be sufficient for the people's livelihood?" Sejong 37. 9/11/1427. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wda_10909011_002. (DOP). |
| 族 | 족 | 겨레 족 | n | Clan, tribe, family | 金直哉兄弟切族, 斃於杖下者多矣。 其捕捉人等, 專不酬功, 可量施賞典。"Many close kin of Kim Chikjae have been died under the rod (caning). The men who have captured [the criminals] have not been rewarded, so reward them accordingly." Kwanghaegun ilgi 62. 1/1/1613. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wob_10501001_004. (DOP). |
| 尊 | 존 | 높을 존 | v; adj | To honour, to respect; honoured, respected | 我國尊卑之分甚嚴, 朝士有隔一等下馬之法。"In our country, there is a strict distinction drawn between the honoured and the mean, and ministers one grade lower in rank must dismount in the presence of superiors." Chungjong 3. 6/26/1507. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wka_10206026_001. (DOP). |
| 卒 | 졸 | 군사 졸 | adv | Finally, in the end | |
| 卒 | 졸 | 군사 졸 | v | To die | 吏曹判書許遲卒。 遲凝重寬弘, 善飮酒, 雖多不亂。 所至有重譽, 物論期於大用, 年五十卒, 人惜之。 "The Minister of the Interior Hŏ Chi (許遲) passed away. He was a generous man of dignified bearing. He was fond of drink and no matter how much he drank, he did not appear intoxicated. He was praised wherever he went, and he was expected to be of great use to the state, and so when he died at age fifty, the people mourned him." Sejong 16. 6/20/1422. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wda_10406020_003. (DOP). |
| 卒 | 졸 | 군사 졸 | n | Soldier, infantry; pawn | 邏卒往捕, 愼不動, 在途亦無幾微。"When the soldiers came and arrested him, he was not in the least agitated, nor did he show any sign of being upset as they brought him in." Sukchong 4. 5/23/1675. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wsa_10105123_002. (DOP). |
| 卒 | 졸 | 군사 졸 | adv | Hastily (as a substitute for 猝) | 今雖改制不頒, 我國卒聞大人之言, 擅改儀注, 心甚皇恐 "Even if the system has been rectified, it has not yet been promulgated in our country, and so we would be much obliged to hastily follow your words and change the law." Tanjong 2. 8/22/1452. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wfa_10008022_001. (DOP). |
| 終 | 종 | 마칠 종 | v | To end; to die; ending To die of natural causes, naturally | 守令侵刻小民者多有之, 如此輩終身廢棄, 可也。"There are many who plunder the people in the name of the state, and it is proper that they should be terminated (lit: until the end of their life). Sŏngjong sillok 25, 1472/12/18 조선왕조실록 (history.go.kr) (DOP) |
| 縱 | 종 | 세로 종 | Even if | 今專縱有罪, 恐未可誅也。"Even if Yi Chŏn is guilty, it is not right to subject him to cutting (beheading)." T'aejo 9. 4/26/1396. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/waa_10504027_001. (DOP). | |
| 鍾 | 종 | 술병 종 | v; n | 1) To gather, to concentrate 2) A bushel (of grain) | 聖人敦化, 協氣旁流。 造物鍾神, 嘉祥屢見。 照臨所曁, 蹈舞惟同。"Where the robust edification of the sages flows harmoniously, where wonder is concentrated in all creation, where beautiful auspiciousness is repeatedly manifest, and where bright and manic appearances go, there dancing and revelry still reside." Sejong 4. 7/27/1419. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wda_10107027_002. (DOP). |
| 從 | 종 | 좇을 종 | v | To follow, to accompany | 與戰敗者有異。 令兵使決杖, 白衣從軍, 自效可也。"It is different for one who is defeated in battle. Let the soldiers first be punished by flogging, and let the others earn distinction in battle as enlisted men (lit: follow soldiers into battle wearing white)." Sŏnjo 21. 10/16/ 1587. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wna_12010016_001. (DOP). |
| 從 | 종 | 좇을 종 | v | To carry out, to undertake | |
| 從 | 종 | 좇을 종 | coverb | From, by way of (used like 自) | |
| 從 | 종 | 좇을 종 | n | Attendant, entourage | |
| 宗 | 종 | 마루 종 | n; adj | Ancestor, clan (descended from a common ancestor); ancestral, kindred; school, sect | 三百年宗社, 至于今日而壞了無餘, 後世之視今日, 以臣等爲如何, 而殿下亦將何如耶? "If after three hundred years our Confucian Shrine and National Altar (宗社, i.e. the country) collapse so suddenly, what will future generations think of this day? What will be his Majesty's legacy?" Yŏngjo 35. 9/12/1733. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wua_10909012_004. (DOP) |
| 罪 | 죄 | 허물 죄 | n; v | Crime, sin; punishment, blame; to commit a crime or sin; to punish, to blame | 照律大罪, 而狀內無罪名不可, 修改爲便。""When the law has been applied and there has been a great fault committed but there is no name for the crime, then the record of crimes ought to be ammended." Munjong 1. 4/13/1450. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wea_10004013_002. (DOP) |
| 酒 | 주 | 술 주 | n | Alcohol; a banquet (figurative) | 其一, 禁酒醪’事也。 禁釀, 乃備荒之要政, 第當參酌而處之。"The second matter concerns the banning of alcohol. Prohibiting the brewing of alcohol is an important part of mitigating a poor harvest, and as such should be handled with due consideration." Kojong 20. 8/27/1883. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wza_12008027_002. (DOP) |
| 周 | 주 | 두루 주 | n | The Zhou Dynasty (1122-255 BCE) | 昔周之衰, 諸侯放恣, 傳數十世而天下不傾者, 紀綱存焉耳。"In the long ago days of Zhou when the dynasty was in decline and the various feudal lords behaved impudently, it was only because of the existence of law and order that the world did not collapse into ruin." T'aejo 1. 7/20/1392. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/waa_10107020_003. (DOP) |
| 誅 | 주 | 벨 주 | v | To execute, to punish | 崔益鉉 愚蠢沒覺而然矣, 則何足深誅? Ch'oe Ikhyŏn is foolish and shows an utter disregard, so what is the point in punishing him?" Kojong 10. 11/9/1873. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wza_11011009_009. (DOP). |
| 主 | 주 | 주안 주 | n | Ruler, master; host | 且各司主人之應受貢物價者, 旣得此錢, 亦必易售於畿民, 內外通行, 深得使錢之宜。"It will be expedient for the leaders of various government offices to who are able to receive tribute to use the monies to easily sell to the people of Kyŏnggi Province so that money may circulate within and without. Injo 29. 2/23/1634. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wpa_11202023_001. (DOP). |
| 晝 | 주 | 낮 주 | n | Day, daytime | 厥罰陽氣衰, 而星辰晝見。"Due to that transgression, the sun's energy is diminished, and stars appear in the day time." Hyojong 8/8/1649. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wqa_10008008_003. (DOP). |
| 駿 | 준 | 준마 준 | adj | Swift (often in reference to a horse) | 駿馬、金鞍, 得得而歸, 殿下又特賜儀仗、鼓吹以迎之。"I returned triumphantly with a swift horse and golden saddle, and Your Majesty recived me with special ceremonial honours." Yŏngjo 58. 11/28/1743. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wua_11911028_003. (DOP). |
| 眾 | 중 | 무리 중 | n | Crowd, multitude, masses | 今罪人斯得, 卽放遣尹壕, 敦匠事, 宜悉予意諭衆, 毋或怠忽。"Now that the criminal has been captured, release Yun Ho, so that the work of craftsmen will be strengthened and my will may be known to the masses so that they will not be negligent." Yejong 5. 4/3/1469. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wha_10104003_003. (DOP). |
| 重 | 중 | 무거울 중 | adj; v | Heavy, important; to consider important | 取士之法, 《周官》三物, 漢之孝廉茂材, 其法甚重。厥後以科擧取士, 而經明行修之士, 由此而進。"The method for selecting scholars, the three criteria of the Officials of Zhou (The Rites of Zhou) and the filial piety and military skill in the Han Dynasty, were held in high regard. Subsequently, scholars were selected through the civil service examination, and those who excelled at studies of the Classics and moral conduct advanced through the system." T'aejong 1. 6/4/1401. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wca_10106004_002. (DOP). |
| 即 | 즉 | 곧 즉 | adv | Right now; immediately; then | 卽今瓦剌人馬, 分爲四路, 也先自來攻大同與宣府 "Right now the riders of the Oirat are divided into four columns, and Yasŏn (Yesi) himself has come and attacked Datong and Xuanfu." Munjong 1. 3/13/1450. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wea_10003013_005. (DOP). |
| 知 | 지 | 알 지 | v | to know or understand | 而致知不足, 故幷與差役法而盡改之。”[The ruler’s] attainment of knowledge was insufficient, and so the law of corveé labour according to wealth was amended” Chŏngjo sillok 2 1776/8/8 조선왕조실록 (history.go.kr) (DOP) |
| 地 | 지 | 땅 지 | n | Land, ground, territory | 且徙諸無人之地, 衣食何得? "Moreover, if they are sent to an uninhabited land, how will they obtain food and clothing? Surely they will die of hunger and cold." T'aejo 1 7/30/1392. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/waa_10107030_001. (DOP). |
| 止 | 지 | 그칠 지 | v | To stop | 主上必欲加賻, 宜令止之。 吾聞其家甚貧, 欲以本宮米十石賜之。 "Even if your Majesty wished to bestow condolence (money), it should rightfully be stopped. I have heard that the family is extremely poor, so I recommend sending them 10 sŏk of rice from the main palace. Sejong 2. 11/1/1418. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wda_10011001_002. (DOP). |
| 至 | 지 | 이를 지 | v; adv | 1) to arrive 2) to go as far as/reach the extent of 3) When; when the time came 4) The ultimate, the most | 至使倭人皆知其遠來, 而父申自守以家長不能禁止, 不可不懲, 請罷職。"Even though it reached the extent where all the Japanese knew he had come from afar, his father Sin Chasu (申自守) as head of the household failed to prevent it, and therefore he must be disciplined. Tanjong 6. 6/8/1453. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wfa_10106008_003. (DOP). |
| 志 | 지 | 뜻 지 | n | Ambition, will, intent | 今則惟有承敎順志, 爲一分寬譬之方。"In our current circumstances, we can only submit to his Majesty's mother's will, and offer what little comfort we can." Chŏngjo 25. 5/3/1788. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wva_11205003_001. (DOP). |
| 持 | 지 | 가질 지 | v | To hold, to grasp | 移風易俗, 維持國家, 莫過於崇奬廉吏及節義之士。 朝中士大夫及草澤之中, 豈無其人? "There is nothing better for reforming customs and sustaining the nation than highly encouraring upright officials and virtuous scholars. Among court officials and commoners alike, are there no such men?" Chungjong 19. 11/10/1513. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wka_10811010_001. (DOP). |
| 智 | 지 | 지혜 지 | adj; n | Wise, resourceful, clever; wisdom, resources | 副提學須得人, 當今文學才智之臣, 殿下已自知之矣。"The position of First Counsellor (senior third rank 副提學) must be staffed by a suitable candidate. Your Majesty is currently well aware of the literati officials possessing the needed literary wisdom." Sukchong 4. 7/5/1675. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wsa_10107005_002. (DOP). |
| 直 | 직 | 곧을 직 | adj; adv | Straight, direct (physically); directly | 則金正連所供內, ‘與林時衡等, 得債二千五百兩後, 渠以灣人, 略知胡語, 今年六月, 直向滄連島, 交易而來’云。According to the interrogation record of Kim Chŏngnyŏn (金正連), 'after borrowing 2,500 nyang along with Im Sihyŏng and others, I went directly to Ch'angnyŏn Island to conduct trade in June of this year as I am a man of Ŭiju and know something of the language there.'" Kojong 1. 8/1/1864. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wza_10108001_007. (DOP). |
| 直 | 직 | 곧을 직 | adv | Only, merely | |
| 盡 | 진 | 다할 진 | v; adv | To exhaust, to use up; entirely, completely, thoroughly | 平安道, 比來連年失農, 民極飢困, 且有邊警, 卿其亟往, 盡乃心力。P'yŏngan Province has suffered repeated crop failures in recent years, leaving its peaople starving and suffering greatly. Moreover, there are disturbances on the frontier. Minister, you must go there immediately and devote all of your mind and efforts to helping." Munjong 1. 3/17/1450. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wea_10003017_002. (DOP). |
| 進 | 진 | 나아갈 진 | v | To present, to give (usually to a superior) | 命全羅、慶尙道都觀察使, 進衣籠各五十部。"The provincial governors of Chŏlla and Kyŏngsang Provinces were ordered to present 50 chests of clothing." T'aejong 24. 11/13/1412. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wca_11211013_001. (DOP). |
| 進 | 진 | 나아갈 진 | v | To move forward, to approach; to advance | 取生員金世忠等一百, 進士李光祖等一百人。"Kim Sech'ong and one hundred classics licentiate degree holders (saengwŏn) along with Yi Kwangjo and one hundred literary licentiates (chinsa, literally advanced scholars) were selected. Yŏnsangun 29. 3/3/1498. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wja_10403003_001. (DOP). |
| 疾 | 질 | 병 질 | n; adj | Sickness, illness; sick, aching, sore | 聖上知臣遘疾, 許臣歸家, 仍命政院, 庶務勿以爲懷。"His Majesty, knowing that I was ill, instructed me to return to my home, and further ordered that I should not concern myself with the affairs of state." Tanjong 6. 5/2/1453. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wfa_10105002_003. (DOP). |
| 質 | 질 | 바탕 질 | n | Substance, matter, essence; substitute, hostage | 惟卿稟資眞純, 秉心質直。"It is His majesty's opinion that the subject possessed a pure nature and an honest and straightforward disposition." Sejong 18. 11/14/1422. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wda_10411014_005. (DOP). |
| 執 | 집 | 잡을 집 | v | To hold, to grasp, to grab, to arrest | 古之師士, 猶可以執天子之父, 今之臺憲, 乃不能治大君之奴 "In ancient times, judges could even arrest the father of the Son of Heaven; today, prosecutors cannot even govern servants of the Grand Prince." Hyojong 2. 10/26/1649. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wqa_10010026_003. (DOP). |
| 徵 | 징 | 부를 징 | v | To draft, conscript. To order | 徵黃海道船軍四百名, 治使臣鄭善第于坡平。"Four hundred sailors were requisitioned from Hwanghae Province to repair the residence of Envoy Chŏng Sŏn in P'ap'yŏng." Munjong 2. 6/12/1450. https://sillok.history.go.kr/id/wea_10006012_002. (DOP). |