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Viewing terms beginning with 'Ii'

• Iceberg Principle

  a theory that suggests that aggregated data can hide information that is important more...

• Idea Generation

  the first stage in the new product development process - the sourcing of more...

• Idea Marketing

  activities associated with the marketing of a cause or idea. more...

• Idea Screening

  see Screening. more...

• Ideal Brand Model

  a model used to study consumer evaluation of alternative products; the consumer compares more...

• Ideal Self Concept

  The knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions people have about the self they would be more...

• Identifiability

  see Measurability. more...

• Image

  more...

• Image Analysis

  see Favorability Analysis. more...

• Image Differentiation

  as a source of competitive advantage, a company may differentiate itself from its more...

• Image Oriented Change Strategy

  an advertising plan or tactic intended to change a brand's image (rather than more...

• Image Oriented Maintenance Strategy

  an advertising plan or tactic intended to maintain a brand's position over time more...

• Image Persistence

  the idea that images may persist long after an organisation has changed; for more...

• Image Pricing

  see Psychological Pricing; Prestige Pricing. more...

• Image Utility

  the value given to a product by virtue of the fact that it more...

• Imagery

  the symbols, images or graphic representations used in advertising to suggest a particular more...

• Imitative Strategy

  An imitative strategy relies on the designs of other companies in creating its more...

• Impact

  the force that an advertisement or message will have on a target consumer; more...

• Impact Evaluation

  In social marketing, the evaluation of program outcomes in terms of original objectives. more...

• Implementation

  the stage in the marketing management process when plans are put into action. more...

• Implicit Alternative

  An alternative answer to a question that is not expressed in the options. more...

• Implicit Cost

  The use value of an economic resource that is not explicitly charged on more...

• Implicit Lead Scoring

  There are two difference types of Lead Scoring - Explicit lead scoring and more...

• Implied Warranty

  the notion, upheld by courts in recent years in response to mounting consumer more...

• Import License

  An instrument of government control that regulates access to foreign exchange and the more...

• Import Quota

  a government-imposed limit on the number, quantity or value of a product to more...

• Impression

  One view or display of an ad. Ad reports list total impressions per more...

• Impression Management

  more...

• Improved Services Strategy

  more...

• Impulse Buying

  unplanned consumer buying of attractively presented or conveniently located products. more...

• Impulse Goods

  goods which are purchased quickly because of a sudden urge to have them. more...

• In-Home Shopping

  see Home Shopping. more...

• In-Magazine Recognition Tests

  to test the effectiveness of advertising, individuals selected from the target market are more...

• In-Pack Premium

  a type of sales promotion in which a small gift is included inside more...

• In-Store Coupon

  A certificate redeemable only at one specific retail store or chain. The coupon more...

• In-Store Marketing

  The marketing dollars spent inside the store in the form of store design, more...

• In-Store Media

  in-house media, usually radio or TV networks, inside department or variety stores to more...

• In-Suppliers

  suppliers who are already well known to an organisation and from whom they more...

• Inbound Marketing

  Inbound marketing is used as a lead generation strategy to drive sales where more...

• Inbound Telemarketing

  telemarketing in which a company receives telephone orders and enquiries from customers; often, more...

• Incentive

  an inducement to buy; incentives include special price deals, premiums, contests, etc. more...

• Incentive Marketing

  the offering of gifts, rewards, premiums, etc to motivate the sales team, to more...

• Incentive Pay

  Any compensation plan other than straight salary wherein the salesperson is given encouragement more...

• Incentive Plan

  An event offering rewards or inducements to stimulate the salesforce or channel members more...

• Incentive Travel

  A form of sales promotional activity in which large companies reward their salespeople, more...

• Incentives

  (i)in learning theory, an object, person or situation that an individual believes will more...

• Income

  A flow of money, goods, and benefits to a person or an organization. more...

• Income Maintenance

  The policies designed to raise or maintain the income levels of designated groups more...

• Income Sensitivity of Demand

  The relationship between a real increase in disposable personal income and the corresponding more...

• Incremental Approach (to Calculating Salesforce Size)

  an approach used in determining the ideal size of a sales force based more...

• Incremental Sales

  Units of the product sold to retailers or consumers through a sales promotion more...

• Incremental Value Added

  A measurement technique IEG uses with corporate clients which compares the return a more...

• Incremental-Cost Pricing

  an approach in which the price of all additional units produced after the more...

• Incrementalism

  The notion that strategies are the outcome of a series of piecemeal and more...

• Independent Sector

  Collectively, all private nonprofit marketers. more...

• Independent Store

  A retail outlet owned individually; not a chain store or branch store. more...

• Index

  A search engineâ€(TM)s â€oeindex” refers to the amount of documents found by a more...

• Indirect Channel

  A channel whereby goods and services are sold indirectly from producer through independent more...

• Indirect Competition

  a product that is in a different category altogether but which is seen more...

• Indirect Competitive Advertising

  advertising intended to stimulate purchase of a particular brand at some future time. more...

• Indirect Costs

  costs that cannot be traced directly to a particular product; commonly called Overheads. more...

• Indirect Denial Method

  handling a buyer's objection by initially admitting the validity of the objection in more...

• Indirect Traceable Costs

  Costs that are not incurred solely for a particular activity but, through reasonably more...

• Individual Brand

  a brand name used for a single product within a product line. more...

• Individual Brand Name

  the part of the brand name which identifies a particular product when it more...

• Individual Product

  see Product Item. more...

• Industrial Buyer Behaviour

  the study of the motives and actions of, and the influences upon, industrial more...

• Industrial Buyers

  individuals who purchase goods and services on behalf of the organisations by which more...

• Industrial Distributor

  a marketing intermediary, roughly equivalent to a wholesaler in consumer markets, who purchases more...

• Industrial Goods

  goods and services purchased by industrial buyers for use in the production of more...

• Industrial Market

  The industrial market (also called the producer market or business market) is the more...

• Industrial Market Segmentation

  The process of separating an industrial market (business market) into groups of customers more...

• Industrial Marketing

  the marketing of goods and services to business organisations for use in the more...

• Industrial Packaging

  the protective wrapping and boxing of finished industrial goods for shipment. more...

• Industrial Product Classes

  categories of goods and services bought by organisations for use in production or more...

• Industrial Selling

  all forms of personal selling to organisational and industrial buyers of products for more...

• Inelastic Demand

  A situation in which the demand for a product does not increase or decrease correspondingly with a more...

• Inelasticity of Demand

  demand which is not greatly affected by a change in the price of more...

• Inept Set

  brands that a buyer is aware of when considering a purchase, thinks poorly more...

• Inert Set

  brands that a buyer is aware of when considering a purchase but has more...

• Inertia Buying

  consumer buying, of unimportant items, which is done frequently and in which the more...

• Inertia Selling

  a selling practice in which unsolicited goods and services are sent to consumers more...

• Infant Industry

  An industry that justifies a national policy of protection from global competition on more...

• Inferior Goods

  The less expensive substitutes for products that consumers prefer. more...

• Inflation

  an economic situation in which rising prices result in a fall in the more...

• Infomercial

  a word coined to describe a particular type of commercial, for print, TV, more...

• Informal Marketing Organisation

  the part of a marketing organisation made up of the many working relationships more...

• Information Flow

  the information about products, potential customers, consumer needs and wants, etc. that is more...

• Information Oriented Change Strategy

  an advertising plan or tactic intended to change a brand's image (rather than more...

• Information Oriented Maintenance Strategy

  an advertising plan or tactic intended to maintain a brand's image over time more...

• Information Search

  1. (industrial definition) The process by which a buyer seeks to identify the more...

• Information Utility

  the value given to a product by virtue of the fact that it more...

• Informational Influence

  one of three types of influence (with comparative influence and normative influence) exerted more...

• Informational Label

  a label which carries information including use instructions, precaustions and warnings, etc. more...

• Informative Advertising

  advertising intended to inform rather than to persuade or remind. more...

• Informed Judgement Techniques

  the use of the opinions of knowledgeable people to forecast demand and sales. more...

• Inner-Directed Consumers

  one of three broad groups of consumers (with Need-Directed Consumers and Outer-Directed consumers) more...

• Innovation

  the introduction of a product which is new to both the company and more...

• Innovativeness

  1. (product development definition) When applied to a buyer, the extent to which more...

• Innovators

  the small group of alert people who are the earliest to adopt a more...

• Input Evaluation Measure

  An objective measure of the amount of effort or resources expended by the more...

• Inseparability

  one of the four characteristics (with intangibility, perishability and variability) which distinguish a more...

• Inside Order-Taker

  a salesperson who writes up sales orders at a sales counter, or those more...

• Inside Salesperson

  A salesperson who performs selling activities over the telephone at the employer's location. more...

• Installations

  a classification of industrial goods which includes land, buildings and major equipment. more...

• Installment Sale

  A sale of real or personal property for which a series of equal more...

• Institutional Advertising

  advertising intended to promote a company or organisation rather than its products; also more...

• Institutional Market

  a market consisting of schools, universities, hospitals, charities, clubs and similar organisations which more...

• Instrument Variation

  Any and all changes in the measuring device used in an experiment that more...

• Instrumental Function of Attitudes

  A function of attitudes that provides the maximum benefits and the minimum costs more...

• Insurance

  Risk-transfer mechanism that ensures full or partial financial compensation for the loss or more...

• Intangibility

  one of the four characteristics (with inseparability, perishability and variability) which distinguish a more...

• Intangible Product

  see Actual Product. more...

• Intangible Product Attributes

  the unobservable characteristics which a physical good possesses, such as style, quality, strength, more...

• Intangible Property

  Assets held by a company for its own use and not for resale more...

• Intangibles

  see Services. more...

• Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC)

  a strategic process used to plan, develop, execute and evaluate coordinated, measurable, persuasive more...

• Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) Mix

  advertising, sales promotion, direct response, public relations, personal selling and social - the more...

• Integrative Growth

  a strategy for growth in which a firm acquires some other element of more...

• Intellectual Property

  Abstract forms of "property" such as patents, copyrights, and trademarks, as distinct from more...

• Intensive Distribution

  making a product available in as many outlets as are willing to stock more...

• Intensive Growth

  growth opportunities related to a company's current operations; intensive growth opportunities are market more...

• Intention

  1. (marketing research definition) Anticipated or planned future behavior. 2. (industrial definition) The more...

• Inter-type Channel Conflict

  discord among members of different types at the same level of a marketing more...

• Intermediate Sellers

  seeMarketing Intermediaries. more...

• Intermodal Transportation

  a shipping method in which two or more modes of transport are used; more...

• Internal Data

  information recorded and stored by an organisation as it completes it normal transactions more...

• Internal Information Search

  a stage in the consumer buying process for a low-involvement product; past experiences more...

• International Corporation

  An early stage in the development of a global/ transnational corporation. An international more...

• International Marketing

  marketing actvities intended to facilitate the exchange or transfer of goods between nations. more...

• Internet of Things (IoT)

  The internet of things refers to wearable devices available to consumers today with more...

• Interview Study

  a common technique for gathering primary data in marketing research. Respondents in an more...

• Interviewer Bias

  intentional or unintentional prompting by a marketing researcher which affects the interviewee's response. more...

• Intraorganisational Environment

  an organisation's internal environment; the forces arising from the organisation's formal structure and more...

• Intrapreneur

  more...

• Introductory Allowance

  see Slotting Allowance. more...

• Introductory Stage of Product Life Cycle

  the first stage in the life cycle of a successful product; the product more...

• Intrusive Media

  more...

• Invalid Objection

  an excuse offered by a prospective buyer to cover some hidden objection to more...

• Inventory

  finished goods stored in a warehouse. more...

• Inventory Carrying Costs

  see Holding Costs. more...

• Inventory Management

  activities involved in maintaining the appropriate level of stock in a warehouse. more...

• Inventory Remarketing

  an innovative strategy for reducing the risks of introducing a new product. Prior more...

• Inventory Turnover

  the ratio of dollar or unit sales or gross profit to average inventory; more...

• Invisible Assets

  Assets that are hard to copy, very time-consuming to develop, capable of many more...

• Involvement

  The degree of personal relevance a consumer perceives a product, brand, object, or more...

• Isolation Effect

  the notion that a price will appear more attractive if the product is more...

• Item Merchandising

  The special planning and control effort employed to discover and take advantage of more...