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Viewing terms beginning with 'Dd'

• DAGMAR

  acronym for Defining Advertising Goals for Measured Advertising Results, after the title of more...

• DAGMAR Approach

  an approach to measuring advertising effectiveness in which advertising objectives are turned into more...

• DIY Goods

  goods produced for the 'do-it-yourself' market. more...

• DMA

  See Designated Marketing Area. more...

• DPI

  abbrev. Disposable Personal Income. more...

• DSS

  abbrev. Decision Support System. more...

• Daily Activities Report

  a record of a salesperson's activities on a day-by-day basis, showing clients visited, more...

• Daily Sales Plan

  a record of a salesperson's intended sales calls on a day-by-day basis, listing more...

• Dark Social

  Dark Social is a phrase coined by Alexis Madrigal that refers to web more...

• Dark social

  Dark Social is a term coined by Alexis C. Madrigal that refers to more...

• Data

  facts or information gathered in a marketing research study. more...

• Data Analysis

  the processing of marketing research findings to summarise a situation, discover relationships between more...

• Data Coding

  grouping information gathered in a survey or by some other marketing research instrument more...

• Data Collection

  the activity of gathering facts or information about a subject in a marketing more...

• Data Editing

  the process of checking responses to a survey, questionnaire or other research instrument more...

• Data Enhancement

  The addition of new information to, or the partitioning of existing information in, more...

• Data Entry

  the tasks involved in the input of responses gathered in a survey into more...

• Data Field

  a basic characteristic such as age, gender and geographic location of a respondent more...

• Data Mining

  searching through collected research data or other textual material to identify patterns and more...

• Data Source

  searching through collected research data or other textual material to identify patterns and more...

• Data Tabulation

  the process of counting the number of observations or cases, by category, in more...

• Data Validation

  the process of checking collected data to determine whether it has been correctly more...

• Data Warehouse

  a very large collection of stored data from different sources but all relating more...

• Database

  information arranged in such a way that it can be stored in, and more...

• Database Marketing

  the use of large collections of computer-based information in marketing; the database listings more...

• Database Mining

  see Data Mining. more...

• Date Code

  a date on a package indicating either the date by which the product more...

• Date Stamping

  See Open Dating. more...

• Date of Substantial Completion

  Date certified by the project architect on which the project building (or a more...

• Dating

  1. (sales promotion definition) A type of trade sales promotion in which the more...

• Deal

  An inducement such as a price reduction, free goods offer, or other special more...

• Deal Merchandise

  A product that a seller may offer at a reduced price or that more...

• Deal Prone

  a term used to describe a group or segment of customers who are more...

• Dealer Listing

  the naming in a product advertisement of certain retailers who have stocks; the more...

• Dealer Loader

  a gift given to a retailer who purchases a specified quantity of a more...

• Dealer Tie-in

  The local support by a retailer for an advertiser's promotional program through use more...

• Death of Salesman

  a play by the U.S. playwright, Arthur Miller, set in the 1930s, the more...

• Debriefing

  the interrogation or questioning of a person about a completed undertaking in order more...

• Debriefing Analysis

  the comparison of insights, impressions and perceptions of moderator and the organisations' observers more...

• Debt

  money or other item that is owed; an obligation. more...

• Decentralised Exchange System

  any system for the exchange of goods or services which does not utilise more...

• Decentralised Management

  The practice of delegating decision-making authority to lower levels of management and, in more...

• Deceptive Advertising

  advertising intended to deceive consumers with false or misleading claims. more...

• Deceptive Packaging

  packaging intended to deceive the purchaser; excessive ullage creates the impression that the more...

• Deceptive Pricing

  the pricing of goods and services in such a way as to cause more...

• Decider

  the person who actually makes the decision in the organisational buying process; the more...

• Decision Flow Diagram

  see Decision Tree. more...

• Decision Making

  choosing between alternative courses of action using cognitive processes - memory, thinking, evaluation, more...

• Decision Matrix

  a tool used in decision making in which the various dimensions of a more...

• Decision Problem

  in marketing research, the basic question to which a client organisation seeks an more...

• Decision Support System

  any computerised system of changing raw data (sales, stock levels, etc) into information more...

• Decision Tree

  a decision-making tool in which alternative options are portrayed graphically as branches on more...

• Decision-Making Intelligence

  business data that is sought, gathered, analysed and distributed to assist managers to more...

• Decision-Stage Model

  in new product development, a technique used at pre-set points in which evaluation more...

• Decline Stage

  the final stage of the product life cycle (after introductory stage, growth stage more...

• Declining Demand

  the falling away of customer demand for a particular good or service, caused more...

• Decoding

  the step in the communication process in which the receiver accepts and interprets more...

• Deep Assortment

  an assortment strategy in which a reseller decides to carry many variants of more...

• Defence Strategies

  the means used by companies in market leadership positions to defend their market more...

• Defender

  A model representing customers' brand choice decisions as a function of brand attributes. more...

• Defensive Advertising

  advertising intended to combat the effects of a competitor's promotion. more...

• Deferred value

  the value which a good or service will deliver at some future time; more...

• Deficient Product

  a term used in a classification of products by societal marketers to describe more...

• Defined Target Population

  in marketing research, a subset of the total population singled out for specific more...

• Deflation

  a slowing of the economy characterised by falling prices and wages; the reverse more...

• Delayed Quotation Pricing

  an industrial pricing method in which the seller delays quoting a price until more...

• Delayed Reward

  in sales promotion, a purchase incentive such as a cash-back offer, for which more...

• Delivered Pricing

  a pricing method in which the final price to the buyer is adjusted more...

• Delivered email

  Delivered email metric is the number of emails that were sent and not more...

• Delivery-Based Classification

  an approach to product classification which utilises the delivery method as its basis. more...

• Delphi Technique

  a forecasting method in which a cordinator seeks predictions from experts who revise more...

• Demand

  a measure of those in a market who wish to buy a product more...

• Demand Analysis

  the measurement of the demand for a particular good or service./td> more...

• Demand Backward Pricing

  a pricing method in which an estimation is made of the price that more...

• Demand Chain

  the network of intermediaries between a manufacturer and the consumers of its product. more...

• Demand Chain Management

  the selection, support and control of the network of intermediaries that comprise an more...

• Demand Curve

  a line drawn on a graph to represent the number of units of more...

• Demand Elasticity

  see Elasticity of Demand. more...

• Demand Fluctuation

  see Fluctuating Demand. more...

• Demand Forecasting

  all of the tasks involved in determining the volume and profitability of sales more...

• Demand Function

  the demand for a particular product as a function of total market demand more...

• Demand Inelasticity

  see Inelasticity of Demand. more...

• Demand Management

  the way in which marketing managers deal with varying demand states, such as more...

• Demand Measurement

  estimation of the current and/or future size of the market for a particular more...

• Demand Schedule

  a hypothetical but systematic rating of the relationship between price and quantity sold more...

• Demand-Backward Pricing

  a method of pricing in which prices are set by determining what consumers more...

• Demand-Pull Approach

  In new product development, the creation of new products on the basis of more...

• Demand-Related Attractiveness

  an approach to evaluating the attractiveness of market segments in which the segment more...

• Demand-Side Market Failure

  the effect that occurs when marketing research tools and techniques such as focus more...

• Demarketing

  marketing aimed at limiting market growth; for example, some governments practice demarketing to more...

• Democratic Leadership Style

  a style of leadership characterised by group participation in decision-making. more...

• Demographic Characteristics

  variables within a nation's population, such as age, gender, income level, marital status, more...

• Demographic Dividend

  the economic benefit which a nation receives from a favourable age structure. more...

• Demographic Factors

  see Demographic Characteristics. more...

• Demographic Lead Scoring

  This is a technique used in marketing and sales to identify prospects who more...

• Demographic Segmentation

  the division of the heterogeneous population of a country into relatively homogeneous groups more...

• Demographic Variables

  see Demographic Characteristics. more...

• Demographics

  the range of physical, social and economic characteristics that exist within a population. more...

• Demography

  the study of the range of physical, social and economic characteristics that exist more...

• Department Store

  a large retail store offering a wide variety of goods in different departments. more...

• Dependent Variable

  a variable in a research experiment which is affected by manipulation of the more...

• Deployment

  the configuration or arrangement of a sales force into territories on some logical more...

• Depreciation

  an allowance made in a balance sheet for wear and tear; a measure more...

• Depression

  A phase of the business cycle characterized by a rapid decline in gross more...

• Depth Interviews

  a qualitative marketing research approach in which interviews are conducted by a trained more...

• Depth Selling

  see Problem-Solving Approach. more...

• Depth of Product Line

  see Product Line Length. more...

• Deregulation

  the complete or partial removal of government control and restrictions relating to a more...

• Derived Demand

  demand for raw materials in a producer market which is based on the more...

• Descriptive Label

  a label on a product which announces the size, net weight, ingredients, composition, more...

• Descriptive Research

  marketing research that is aimed at understanding problems or marketing situations in greater more...

• Descriptive Research Design

  The determining of the kinds of data needed for a descriptive research project more...

• Descriptor

  in market segmentation, a single factor or variable such as age, gender, income more...

• Design

  a general arrangement, layout or scheme to accomplish a project. more...

• Designated Marketing Area

  See Area Of Influence. more...

• Desirable Product

  a term used in a classification of products by societal marketers to describe more...

• Desire

  an unsatisfied longing; a strong urge to acquire something. more...

• Desire Competitors

  all companies and organisations offering a product that the consumer desires immediately. more...

• Desk Jobber

  see Drop Shipper. more...

• Desk Research

  see Secondary Research. more...

• Desk-to-Desk Direct Marketing

  a form of business-to-business selling in which firms purchase and use computer databases more...

• Destination Store

  a retail store which shoppers purposely plan to visit; some major retail chains more...

• Detailer

  a salesperson, especially in the pharmaceutical drug industry, whose primary task is to more...

• Determinance Model (of Brand Evaluation)

  a model used in the study of consumer decision processes to evaluate alternative more...

• Deterministic Models

  a statistical tool used in sales forecasting in which marketing variables, such as more...

• Developing Nation

  a country in which a large percentage of the population is poor, has more...

• Developmental Marketing

  marketing activity intended to increase demand for a product that appears to meet more...

• Dialectic Process

  An evolutionary theory based on the premise that retail institutions evolve. The theory more...

• Dichotomous Question

  a closed-ended question in a marketing research questionnaire in which the respondent must more...

• Difference-Testing

  in marketing research, the measurement of the difference between means of variables using more...

• Differential Advantage

  the element or factor in a firm's product or strategy which makes it more...

• Differential Pricing

  a pricing strategy in which a company sets different prices for the same more...

• Differentiated Marketing

  the division of a heterogeneous market into relatively homogeneous segments so that the more...

• Differentiated Oligopoly

  An oligopoly that produces and markets products that consumers consider close, but less more...

• Differentiated Segmentation Strategy

  one of four possible approaches (with concentrated segmentation strategy, market segment expansion strategy more...

• Differentiated Strategy

  see Differentiated Marketing; Differentiated Segmentation Strategy. more...

• Differentiation

  an approach to competitive advantage in which a company attempts to outperform its more...

• Differentiation Focus

  an approach to competitive advantage in which a company attempts to outperform its more...

• Diffusion Process

  the manner in which an innovative technology spreads across a market group by more...

• Diffusion of Innovation

  the idea that some groups within a market are more ready and willing more...

• Digital Economy

  a term coined to describe the omnipresence and importance of microprocessor chips in more...

• Digitisation

  the development, manufacture and use of goods and services with microprocessor chip componentry. more...

• Direct Accounts

  large accounts serviced by head office personnel or company executives rather than by more...

• Direct Advertising

  advertising aimed narrowly at single businesses or individuals by means of leaflets, brochures, more...

• Direct Channel

  a channel of distribution in which the producer sells directly to the end-user; more...

• Direct Close

  the most straight-forward closing approach; the salesperson simply asks the buyer for an more...

• Direct Competition

  a product or brand which competes in the same product category. more...

• Direct Competitive Advertising

  advertising intended to stimulate immediate purchase of a particular brand. more...

• Direct Costs

  costs which can be attributed directly to the production of a particular product. more...

• Direct Denial Method

  handling a buyer's objection by contradicting it in a 'head-on' manner. more...

• Direct Fixed Costs

  Costs that are incurred by and solely for a particular product or segment more...

• Direct Foreign Investment

  see Direct Investment. more...

• Direct Investment

  in international marketing, a foreign-market entry strategy in which an organisation develops a more...

• Direct Mail

  the posting of advertising material to a potential customer with the objective of more...

• Direct Mail Advertising

  advertising direct to end-users by sending catalogues or other sales literature through the more...

• Direct Mail Survey

  a questionnaire that is sent by a researcher by mail to selected respondents more...

• Direct Marketing

  communications, often interactive, between an organisation and its customers to effect a measurable more...

• Direct Marketing Channel

  a distribution channel in which no intermediaries are used; a manufacturer sells direct more...

• Direct Observation

  a marketing research technique in which the behaviour of respondents is watched and more...

• Direct Print and Reproduction

  a form of direct marketing in which a tailored offer is made to more...

• Direct Rating

  a technique for pre-testing the communication effect of a planned advertisement or campaign more...

• Direct Reference Group

  small informal groups with which individuals have face-to-face contact and membership, and whose more...

• Direct Retailing

  a form of retailing in which goods and services are sold door-to-door, office-to-office more...

• Direct Selling

  selling directly to end-users by means of a sales force. more...

• Direct Traffic

  Direct traffic is the term used to describe web traffic that arrives at more...

• Direct Variable Costs

  Costs that vary directly with an activity level. more...

• Direct-Response

  see Direct-Response Campaign; Direct-Response Marketing. more...

• Direct-Response Campaign

  a planned advertising program which utilises mass media to promote a direct-response offer. more...

• Direct-Response Marketing

  a form of non-store retailing in which customers order merchandise by mail or more...

• Direct-Response Radio Marketing

  a planned advertising program which utilises radio to promote a direct-response offer. more...

• Direct-Response Television Marketing

  a planned advertising program which utilises television to promote a direct-response offer. more...

• Direct-to-Home Retailing

  see Direct-Response Selling. more...

• Direct-to-Store Delivery

  the delivery of goods direct to a retailer's various premises rather than to more...

• Directed Data

  comprehensive information about customers collected by organisations by means of the Internet. more...

• Directive Probes

  questions posed to prospective buyers to obtain a better understanding of the customer more...

• Directories

  classified lists of names and addresses of individuals and organisations used in selling more...

• Dirichlet Multinomial Model

  A probability mixture model commonly used to represent patterns of brand choice behavior. more...

• Disaggregated Market

  a market in which separate products must be made for each customer because more...

• Discontinuous Innovation

  entirely new-to-the world products made to perform a function for which no product more...

• Discount

  a reduction off the list price offered by a producer to a buyer; more...

• Discount Department Store

  a retailing operation which, like conventional department stores offers a wide range of more...

• Discount House

  a retailer specialising in consumer durables and soft goods, attracting customers with low more...

• Discount Pricing

  a pricing strategy in which a company reduces its price to encourage bulk more...

• Discount Specialty Store

  see Discount Department Store. more...

• Discount Store

  see Discount House. more...

• Discrepancies

  In logistics, the differences between sellers and buyers in relation to relate to more...

• Discrepancy of Assortment

  the difference between the range of items carried by a supplier and the more...

• Discrepancy of Quantity

  the difference between the quantity a manufacturer produces and the quantity end-users want more...

• Discrete Pricing

  setting a price which will attract a particular customer type or segment. more...

• Discretionary Buying Power

  The money in the hands of consumers after the payment of taxes and more...

• Discretionary Effort

  in services marketing, the service that managers or employees of an organisation provide more...

• Discretionary Income

  the balance of a person's income which is available for spending after payment more...

• Discriminant Analysis

  a statistical technique used in the analysis of marketing research data when the more...

• Discriminant Function

  the linear combination of independent variables developed by discrimination analysis that will best more...

• Discriminant Function Coefficients

  the multipliers of variables in the discriminant function when the variables are in more...

• Discriminant Score

  in discriminant analysis, the score of each respondent on the discriminate function. more...

• Discrimination

  in consumer behaviour, the capacity of customers to recognise the differences between sets more...

• Discriminatory Power

  in statistical analysis, the ability of a scale to differentiate significantly between categorical more...

• Discriminatory Pricing

  see Differential Pricing. more...

• Diseconomies of Scale

  see Economies of Scale. more...

• Disguised Observation

  a marketing research technique in which the behaviour of unaware respondents is observed more...

• Disintermediation

  the shortening of a channel of distribution by the removal of one or more...

• Disjunctive Model (of Brand Evaluation)

  a model used in the study of consumer decision processes to evaluate alternative more...

• Display

  A special exhibit of a product at the point of sale, generally over more...

• Display Aids

  see Visual Aids. more...

• Display Allowance

  a type of trade sales promotion in which buyers are given incentives in more...

• Display Centre

  a complex, usually managed by an industry association, set up to display new more...

• Display Media

  any form of advertising material, especially that used in retail stores, used to more...

• Disposable Income

  the balance of a person's income after payment of tax liability. more...

• Disposer

  the person who has to dispose of a product or its container after more...

• Disproportionate Stratified Sampling

  an approach to stratified sampling in which the size of the sample from more...

• Dissociative Groups

  groups with whom an individual does not wish to be associated; groups whose more...

• Dissonance

  see Cognitive Dissonance. more...

• Dissonance-Reducing Buying Behaviour

  in consumer behaviour, any activity that is aimed at lessening the tension or more...

• Distance Property

  a measurement scheme that is capable of precisely expressing the exact or absolute more...

• Distortion

  see Selective Distortion. more...

• Distress Merchandise

  The goods that are (or soon will be) past the point where they more...

• Distributed Marketing Information System

  an approach to the provision of marketing information and intelligence in which marketing more...

• Distribution Centre

  a short-term storage centre located close to a major market to facilitate the more...

• Distribution Channels

  see Marketing Channels. more...

• Distribution Costs

  costs associated with the holding of inventory and the shipment of goods to more...

• Distribution Decisions

  all decisions involved in the efficient delivery of goods and services from producer more...

• Distribution Intensity

  the level of availability selected for a particular product by the marketer; the more...

• Distribution Management

  see Physical Distribution Management. more...

• Distribution Objectives

  specific goals and targets relating to the efficient delivery of goods and services more...

• Distribution Strategy

  see Place Strategy. more...

• Distribution Structure

  the way in which an organisation arranges the movement or delivery of its more...

• Distribution-Based Pricing Strategies

  pricing methods designed to recover or offset the costs associated with the shipment more...

• Distributor

  a wholesaler, agent or other intermediary in a distribution network. more...

• Distributor's Brand

  more...

• District Sales Manager

  a sales manager with responsibility for the sales activities within a particular region more...

• Divergent Acquisition

  difersification into new or unrelated businesses. more...

• Diversification

  introducing new offers to new markets. more...

• Diversification Risk Model

  a technique for evaluating the risk involved in a diversification strategy in which more...

• Diversification Strategy

  a growth strategy in which an organisation takes on new products and new more...

• Diversion

  1. (physical distribution definition) The changing of the destination of a shipment while more...

• Diversionary Pricing

  a pricing tactic in which an organisation sets a low price to encourage more...

• Diverting

  a business practice that occurs when an organisation takes advantage of a discounted more...

• Divest Strategy

  a planned decision to get out of a particular business or product line; more...

• Divisibility

  Divisibility is the degree to which an innovation of new product may be more...

• Division of Labour

  a common business practice in which workers in a factory or on a more...

• Divisional Marketing Manager

  a marketing manager with responsibility for the marketing activities of one of the more...

• Divisional New Product Development Structure

  an organisational structure in which each of the company's divisions is responsible for more...

• Divisional Organisation

  A form of organisation that breaks the company into two or more business more...

• Divisional Sales Manager

  a sales manager with responsibility for the sales activities of one of the more...

• Dogs

  a product classification used in the Boston Consulting Portfolio Analysis Matrix; dogs are more...

• Dollar Volume Quota

  a common form of sales assignment, goal or target used to measure a more...

• Domain Name Segmentation

  the division of a market into segment groups on the basis of their more...

• Domain of Observables

  the set of components of an abstract construct that can be identified and more...

• Dominant Design

  a product configuration which endures; a particular combination of product features which appears more...

• Door-to-Door Selling

  direct selling in which a salesperson calls on prospective buyers at their homes more...

• Down-Ageing

  a recently-observed cultural phenomenon or cultural shift in which many people dress and more...

• Down-Market Consumers

  consumers who habitually look for, and purchase, low-priced rather than more expensive products. more...

• Downside Elasticity

  a term used in reference to the sensitivity of consumers to a decrease more...

• Downside Inelasticity

  a term used in reference to the sensitivity of consumers to a decrease more...

• Downsizing

  a business practice in which organisations restructure and reconfigure processes to enable a more...

• Downstream

  the channel members between a manufacturer and its consumers. more...

• Downward Stretching

  introducing a new product into a product line at the lower priced end more...

• Dramatisation of Presentation

  the vitality given to a presentation or demonstration of a product by a more...

• Drip Advertising

  limited expenditure on advertising over a relatively long period of time. more...

• Drive

  a motivating force or need sufficiently strong to impel a person to seek more...

• Driver (Social Style)

  one of the four social styles (with Amiable, Analytical and Expressive) commonly used more...

• Drop Error

  a mistake made by a company in deciding to abandon a new product more...

• Drop Shipper

  a marketing intermediary who receives orders from customers and forwards them to a more...

• Drop-In Product

  a product that is so nearly identical to that of a competitor that more...

• Drop-Off Survey

  a survey technique in which a researcher drops off questionnaires for respondents to more...

• Drugstore

  A term used especially in the U.S., to describe a retail store that more...

• Drummers

  a nineteenth century term of American origin for a travelling salesperson. more...

• Dual Distribution

  a system of marketing channel organisation in which a manufacturer uses two approaches more...

• Dummy Media Vehicle

  a mock-up of a media vehicle (magazine, etc) used to test advertising effectiveness more...

• Dummy Variable

  a false or artificial variable introduced into a regression equation to represent the more...

• Dumping

  a practice in which a firm sells its product cheaply into a foreign more...

• Durables

  see Consumer Durables. more...