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Viewing terms beginning with 'Ll'

• LAN Internetwork

  Geographically dispersed different computer systems which are so well inter-connected that they are more...

• LPO

  abbrev. Landing Page Optimisation. Commonly swapped with CRO, Landing Page Optimisation involves creating more...

• LSI

  Latent Semantic is a mathematical method used to determine the relationship between terms more...

• Label

  the part of a package that carries information about the product it contains; more...

• Labelling

  activities associated with the design and content of the wording on a product more...

• Laboratory Test Markets

  see Accelerated Test Marketing. more...

• Labour

  The aggregate of all human physical and mental effort used in creation of more...

• Labour Cost

  The cost of wages paid to workers during an accounting period on daily, more...

• Labour Demand

  The need for employees and workers in a particular job market such as more...

• Labour Economics

  Study of economic behavior of employers and employees in response to changing prices, more...

• Labour Force

  1. Number of workers in a firm. 2. Number of individuals in an more...

• Labour Hour

  Unit of work that represents the productive effort of one person in one more...

• Labour Intensive

  Industry or process where a larger portion of total costs is due to more...

• Labour Market

  Labor markets may be local or national (even international) in their scope and more...

• Labour Productivity

  Rate of output per worker (or a group of workers) per unit of more...

• Labour Standards

  Computed, estimated, or measured values (such as assembly time, operations per hour, output more...

• Labour Supply

  Availability of suitable human resources in a particular labor market. more...

• Labour Theory of Value

  A theory proposed by Karl Marx that states that the value of a more...

• Labour Turnover

  The ratio of the number of employees that leave a company through attrition, more...

• Labour Union

  Workers who organise in order to, among other things, promote higher wages and more...

• Laddering

  The process of probing to identify the linkages between means (i.e., attributes) and more...

• Laggards

  those in a community who are slowest to adopt a new product. more...

• Lagged Effect

  see Lagged Response. more...

• Lagged Response

  a delayed response by consumers to an advertising campaign; measuring the effect of more...

• Last Sale

  Most recent or last price at which commodity or security was traded on more...

• Last-Chance Close

  see Standing Room Only. more...

• Late Majority

  the large, conservative group in a community slower than all except the 'laggards' more...

• Latent Demand

  demand for a product which can satisfy a want which is unable to more...

• Latent Market

  A potential market that has been identified for a product or service that more...

• Lateral Shelf File

  Filing cabinet in which files are hung side-by-side and not in front or more...

• Law of Demand

  Observation that, as a general rule, the demand for a product varies inversely more...

• Law of Diminishing Demand

  If the price of a product is raised, a smaller quantity will be more...

• Law of Diminishing Marginal Productivity

  An economic rule governing production which holds that if more variable input units more...

• Law of One Price

  Purchasing power parity doctrine that the real purchasing power of different currencies tends more...

• Law of Supply

  At higher relative prices, the quantity supplied of a good will increase; at more...

• Law of Supply and Demand

  The common sense principle that defines the generally observed relationship between demand, supply, more...

• Laws of Nature

  Scientific generalizations (arrived at by experimentation and/or observation) that try to explain how more...

• Layoff

  A layoff is the termination of employment of an employee or (more commonly) more...

• Layout Inspection

  Layout Inspection is the complete measurement of all part dimensions shown on the more...

• Lead Generation

  the activity of identifying potential customers. more...

• Lead Scoring

  Lead scoring is a behavioural scoring methodology used by sales and marketing for more...

• Lead Time

  The total time that elapses between an order's placement and its receipt. It more...

• Leader Pricing

  see Loss Leader Pricing. more...

• Leading Indicators

  An economic indicator (or business indicator) is a statistic about the economy. Economic indicators allow analysis more...

• Leading Question

  (1) Particularly pointed question suggesting further unrevealed particulars. (2) Question in market research more...

• Leads

  see Sales Leads. more...

• Leaflet

  Printed piece of paper, single or folded-over to make four pages. It can more...

• Lean Manufacturing

  Doing more with less by employing 'lean thinking.' Lean manufacturing involves never ending more...

• Lean Production

  See Lean Manufacturing more...

• Leapfrog Routing

  A method for scheduling calls that requires salespeople to call on a cluster more...

• Learning

  fixed behavioural changes resulting from an individual's experiences. more...

• Learning Curve

  a graphical representation of the way in which average unit cost of production more...

• Learning Cycle

  A theory of learning proposed by David Kolb that consists of four steps, more...

• Learning Map

  A graphical representation of complex information that is designed to allow effective assimilation more...

• Learning Organization

  Organization that acquires knowledge and innovates fast enough to survive and thrive in more...

• Learning Process

  the way in which an individual's behaviour changes as a result of previous more...

• Leasing

  the granting, under contract, of use of a product for an agreed upon more...

• Legal and Political Environment

  factors in government, the law and the regulatory system which affect the way more...

• Less-Than-Carload Freight Rate

  a U.S. term for the freight rate charged by a railroad company when more...

• Level of Analysis

  Different perspectives (system, state, individual) from which international politics can be analysed. more...

• Level of Buffering

  The amount of excess production capacity in a production line or other manufacturing more...

• Level of Involvement

  Degree of intensity of interest that a buyer shows for a certain product more...

• Level of Measurement

  The type of data collected; nominal, order, interval or ratio, which subsequently affects more...

• Levels of Management

  A part of an organization that maintains responsibility for the productivity and the more...

• Leverage Products

  These products have high value and cost to the customer but involve little more...

• Lexicographic Model (of Brand Evaluation)

  a model used in the study of consumer decision processes to evaluate alternatives; more...

• Liability

  see Product Liability. more...

• License Fee

  A form of a use tax charged by various government entities for the more...

• Licensed Characters

  figures from fiction, television, movies, etc which are used, under license from their more...

• Licensed Merchandise

  Goods produced by a manufacturer (the licensee) who has obtained a license to more...

• Licensed Product Strategy

  marketing plans and actions based on the use of licensed characters. more...

• Licensing

  the granting of permission by one manufacturing organisation to another to use a more...

• Licensing Agreement

  Written contract under which the owner of a copyright, know how, patent, servicemark, more...

• Life Cycle

  "1. General: Concept that compares the cyclical nature of families, organizations, processes, products, more...

• Life Cycle Assessment

  Comprehensive ecological assessment that identifies the energy, material, and waste flows of a more...

• Life Cycle Cost

  the costs associated with the use and maintenance of a product over its more...

• Life Cycle Costing

  Procurement and production costing technique that considers all life cycle costs. In procurement, more...

• Life Cycle of a Product

  Marketing concept that, like people and living organisms, goods and services pass through more...

• Life Events

  Refer to events that require a significant adjustment in a person's life, for more...

• Life Expectancy

  The number of years a new-born in a particular society can expect to more...

• Life Stage

  Persons in the same part of the life cycle may differ in their more...

• Life Stage Buying Power Segmentation

  the division of a total heterogeneous market into relatively homogeneous groups on the more...

• Life Themes

  They represent critical values and goals that influence consumers at different stages of more...

• Lifestyle

  an individual's way of life as shaped by his or her interests, attitudes more...

• Lifestyle Analysis

  The analysis of a person's day-today pattern of living as expressed in that more...

• Lifestyle Research

  Research that attempts to explain behaviour by analysing people's attitudes, hobbies, activities and more...

• Lifestyle Segmentation

  the division of a total heterogeneous market into relatively homogeneous groups on the more...

• Lifetime Cost

  The total cost incurred of possessing certain goods over their lifetime, as an more...

• Lifetime Custom Value(LTCV)

  An estimate of how much a given customer contributes to a firmâ€(TM)s profit more...

• Lifetime Customer Value

  An estimate of profit per customer for the total net company profit. more...

• Lifetime value (LTV)

  An estimate of the net present value of the stream of benefits from more...

• Light Industry

  A section of an economy's secondary industry characterized by less capital-intensive and more more...

• Like-for-like Sales

  The method of comparing current year sales figures to prior years sales figures more...

• Like-kind Exchange

  Exchange of similar business or investment assets on which any gain or loss more...

• Likert Scale

  a rating device frequently used in marketing research questionnaires in which respondents indicate more...

• Limitation of Liability

  Written statement listing instances or conditions the manufacturer is responsible for the operating more...

• Limited Decision Making

  see Limited Problem Solving. more...

• Limited Distribution

  Product which is only sold within a specific location or through a specific more...

• Limited Guarantee

  Written undertaking to fulfill a specific obligation. more...

• Limited Problem Solving

  buying situations in which a purchaser has had some previous experience but is more...

• Limited Resources

  Restricted amounts of inputs required by a business or economy such as motivated more...

• Limited Warranty

  Written statement that specifies under what conditions, to what extent, and for how more...

• Limited-Line Department Store

  a department store which carries a narrower range of merchandise than a full-line more...

• Limited-Line Retailer

  a retailer carrying only one line, or a few related lines, but a more...

• Limited-Line Strategy

  the decision by a producer to offer a lesser number of product variations more...

• Limited-Service Research Supplier

  In contrast to a Full-Service Research Supplier, a Limited-Service Research Supplier specialises in more...

• Limited-Service Wholesaler

  a wholesaler providing less than the full range of services of some other more...

• Line

  see Product Line. more...

• Line Extension

  see Product Line Exyension. more...

• Line Family Branding

  A branding policy in which an organisation uses family branding only for products more...

• Line Filling

  Adding more products to an existing product Line in order to leave no more...

• Line Functions

  The decision-making areas associated with daily operations. Logistics line functions include traffic management, more...

• Line Manager

  see Category Manager. more...

• Line Marketing

  A style of promotional activity that focuses attention on communicating to consumers via more...

• Line Organisation

  an organisational structure in which authority moves down in a line from the more...

• Line Organization

  Business or industry structure with self-contained departments. Authority travels downwards from top and more...

• Line Pruning

  see Product Line Pruning. more...

• Line Retrenchment

  see Product Line Retrenchment. more...

• Line Scrap

  Value of raw materials and work-in-process inventory scrapped as a result of improper more...

• Line of Authority

  The chain of command within an organization that confers the power to order more...

• Line of Business

  A general category applied to insurers, for example, Homeowners, Health or Life. more...

• Line-of-Marketing Strategy

  Strategy Line-of-business (or business) strategy is the managerial action plan for directing and more...

• Linear Learning Model

  A brand choice model that views the probability of choosing a particular brand more...

• Linear Market

  Traditional distribution channel characterized by a straight line movement of goods from one more...

• Liquid Asset

  An asset in the form of cash or convertible to cash in twelve more...

• Liquid Asset Ratio

  The amount of liabilities a retail bank can have from a given volume more...

• Liquidity

  current assets, other than inventory and work in progress, to which a firm more...

• List Brokers

  firms which compile and sell mailing and prospect lists. more...

• List Price

  the regular price of a product before any discount is given or allowances more...

• Listed Company

  (Fin Marketing) A company whose shares are traded on the stock exchange and more...

• Live Customers

  Active customers who are still trading and likely to continue trading with any more...

• Living Standards

  The quality of peopleâ€(TM)s lives. more...

• Loading Objective

  one of a three possible aims or objectives (with loyalty objective and trial more...

• Lobby

  1. Group that attempts to influence a legislation or government spending plans to more...

• Lobbying

  The act of attempting to influence business and government leaders to create legislation more...

• Local Advertising

  Local advertising (also called retail advertising) is advertising placed by retailers and other more...

• Local Agent

  An agent who works on behalf of the insurance companies in a small more...

• Local Business

  A company which provides goods or services to a local population. Though most more...

• Local Buy

  the buying of media (print, newspapers, television, radio and outdoor advertising) serving a more...

• Local Community

  A group of individuals that interact within their immediate surroundings. A typical local more...

• Local Government

  An administrative body for a small geographic area, such as a city, town, more...

• Local Knowledge

  Knowledge of a local community possessed by individuals who spend long periods of more...

• Local Market

  Clients and customers who will buy a product in the region or area more...

• Local Marketing

  Target marketing is leading to marketing programs tailored to the needs of local more...

• Local Rate

  1. Shipping: A rate for transportation within a municipality or local region. 2. more...

• Localization

  The practice of adjusting a product's functional properties and characteristics to accommodate the more...

• Location Pricing

  The same product is priced differently at different locations even though the cost more...

• Locus of Control

  The extent to which people believe they have control over situations in their more...

• Logistical Costs

  costs involved in the acquisition and transportation of materials required for production, and more...

• Logistical Functions

  one of the three kinds of functions (with transactional functions and facilitating functions) more...

• Logistics

  activities involved with the orderly and timely acquisition and transportation of materials required more...

• Logistics Channel

  The network of supply chain participants engaged in storage, handling, transfer, transportation and more...

• Logit Model

  A probabilistic model for representing the discrete brand choice behavior of individuals. On more...

• Logo

  a distinctive mark, sign or symbol, or a graphic version of a company's more...

• Long Term Goal

  A strategic target that is projected to require significantly more time for completion more...

• Long Term Liability

  Obligation payable in goods or services at a future period more than 12 more...

• Long Term Objectives

  Performance goals of an organization, intended to be achieved over a period of more...

• Long tailed keyword

  Search term phrases with three or more words. more...

• Long-Range Planning

  strategic planning over an extended horizon; 'long-range' is commonly thought to be at more...

• Long-Run Average Cost

  the average cost per unit of a set or group of products in more...

• Longitudinal Study

  Statistical study aimed at identifying a trend over a period of time. more...

• Loophole

  Usually-unintended ambiguity, exception, omission, or technical defect in a text that allows a more...

• Loss Leader

  a product offered at less than cost to attract purchasers to a store more...

• Loss Leader Pricing

  the pricing of a product at less than cost to attract purchasers to more...

• Loss of Market

  The loss of the opportunity to sell a specific item to a potential more...

• Lost Account Ratio

  a measure used to evaluate salespeople in which the salesperson's ability to keep more...

• Lost Wages

  Potential earnings the insured was unable to receive due to an injury or more...

• Lottery

  a form of consumer sales promotion in which purchasers are offered to win more...

• Low Cost

  A type of pricing method where a business sets a comparatively low price more...

• Low Cost Strategy

  A pricing strategy in which a company offers a relatively low price to more...

• Low Pressure Selling

  Concentration on winning customers' confidence and respect for long-term gains rather than gaining more...

• Low-Balling

  A negotiation strategy in which the salesperson agrees to a low price and more...

• Low-Income Countries

  Countries with the lowest income per capita compared with the rest of the more...

• Low-Involvement Hierarchy

  A response hierarchy whereby a message recipient is viewed as passing from cognition more...

• Low-Involvement Products

  products which are bought frequently and with a minimum of thought and effort more...

• Low-Touch Service

  customer service characterised by a low level of personal contact with customers; low-touch more...

• Loyad

  A customer who is a 'loyal advocate' for a brand more...

• Loyal Buyers

  Firms must invest in relationship building and customer intimacy. more...

• Loyalty

  Measure of commitment based on obligation or, in consumer preferences, degree of satisfaction. more...

• Loyalty Discount

  That is offered for repeat purchases. Also called patronage discount. more...

• Loyalty Objective

  one of three possible aims or objectives (with loading objective and trial objective) more...

• Luddite

  One who rejects new technology. After the luddite rioters of 1811-16, who in more...

• Luxury Goods

  Products which are not necessary but which tend to make life more pleasant more...