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Select a letter to find terms listed alphabetically.
Viewing terms beginning with 'Oo'
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O2O
O2O is an abbreviation used within the retail sector and refers to "Online more...
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OLAP
Acronym for Online Analytical Processing, which allows the user to quickly analyze information more...
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Objections
any form of sales resistance offered by a buyer to a salesperson. more...
- Objective Budgeting
- Objective and Task Method of Budgeting
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Objectives
specific, measurable outcomes or results that an organisation plans to achieve in a more...
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Objectives of Marketing Research
The objectives of marketing research are to provide relevant, accurate, reliable, valid and more...
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Objectivity Principle
An accounting principle that states that a company's financial information must be based more...
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Obligated Balance
Amount remaining unspent in a budget allocation for a specific purpose. more...
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Observation Method
an method of obtaining marketing research data by watching human behaviour; mechanical monitoring more...
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Observation Research
Descriptive research that monitors respondents' actions without direct interaction. Sometimes called a quasi-experiment. more...
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Observation Room
The room from which client personnel observe and listen to focus group proceedings more...
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Observational Learning
A process in which people learn by observing the actions of others. A more...
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Observer Bias
The tendency for observers to record data that may be biased as a more...
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Obsolescence
The act or process of a product's becoming out-of-date, discarded, no longer in more...
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Obsolete Inventory
Inventory for which there is no forecast demand expected. A condition of being more...
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Occasion Segmentation
Dividing the market into groups according to occasions when buyers get the idea more...
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Occupancy Cost
Expense of occupying factory, office, warehouse, or other space, and which is often more...
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Occupancy Phase
Specific period, stipulated in a construction contract, that follows the construction phase. During more...
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Occupant
Resident of a dwelling, piece of land, or premises, as its owner or more...
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Occupational Accident
Accident that occurs in the course of a person's employment and is caused more...
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Occupational Environment
Physical surroundings and social environment at a workplace. more...
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Occupational Hazard
Danger to health, limb, or life that is inherent in, or is associated more...
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Occupational Psychology
Branch of psychology that focuses on human beings in the workplace, including job more...
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Odd Even Pricing
Psychological pricing method based on the belief that certain prices or price ranges more...
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Odd Lot
Dealing with broken lots or unbalanced assortments reduced in price for quick turnover. more...
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Odd Pricing
pricing so that all prices end in an odd number, as in $7.95, more...
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Odd-Even Pricing
see Odd Pricing. more...
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Off Balance Sheet
Accounting category not shown (recorded) on a balance sheet, such as an operating more...
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Off Season
Time of the year during which demand is lowest. Also called off peak more...
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Off the Book
Payment or receipt of money for which no official record is kept. more...
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Off the Record
Statement that is said in aside and is not meant to be a more...
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Off the Shelf Item
Commercially produced, ready made, standardized, and regularly available equipment, goods, parts, software, etc. more...
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Off-Invoice Allowance
a reduction in price allowed to a retailer in return for purchasing specific more...
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Off-Page SEO
Off-Page SEO is what "other websites say" about a site. It refers to more...
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Off-Premise Buying
buying that is done by wholesalers and retailers through buying offices located overseas more...
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Off-Price Retailer
a retail store specialising in buying leading brand items in bulk for resale more...
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Off-Price Shopping Center
A shopping center specializing in off-price retail tenants. more...
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Off-Retail Percentage
The markdown as a percentage of the original price. For example, an item more...
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Off-Schedule
A sales person who is not performing the agreed upon or necessary tasks more...
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Offensive Competitive Strategy
A corporate strategy consisting of attempting to pursue changes within its industry. The more...
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Offensive Marketing Strategies
A term used to describe an approach an attitude to marketing characterised by more...
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Offer
The terms and conditions (price, quantity, delivery date, shipping costs, guarantee, etc.) under more...
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Office Error
A nonsampling error that arises in the processing of data because of errors more...
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Office Supplies
The materials that are consumed within an office setting during normal business operations. more...
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Office Supplies Expense
When a company purchases office supplies, the transaction must be recorded in the more...
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Official Statement
A written comment prepared for the purpose of responding consistently to any question more...
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Offshore Manufacturing
Assembly or full manufacturing in a country where labor and/or raw materials are more...
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Offshore Outsourcing
Work done for a company by people in another country that it typically more...
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Offshore Production
Manufacturing or assembly in another country, typically one with lower wages or less more...
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Offsite Fabrication
A process that includes the manufacture and assembly of parts or systems at more...
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Offsite Storage
Physically remote facility or site equipped to provide protected storage for magnetic/optical media, more...
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Oligopolistic Competition
a competitive situation in which there are only a few sellers (of products more...
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Oligopolistic Environment
A market situation in which only a few large firms compete in either more...
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Oligopoly
a market situation in which there are only a few sellers; in an more...
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Oligopsony
a market situation in which there are only a few buyers. more...
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Omnibus Panel
Study over time in which the sponsoring research company defines the audience to more...
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Omnibus Research
Omnibus surveys are based on questionnaires that are sent out regularly to a more...
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Omnibus Survey
a type of marketing research survey, commonly organised by a major professional marketing more...
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On Order
When the retailer has ordered merchandise and it has not been received, it more...
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On-Pack Premium
a common form of consumer sales promotion in which a gift is banded more...
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On-Page SEO
On-Page SEO is what a website "says to a search engine". It optimises more...
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On-Percentage
The result of multiplying together the complements of a given series of discount more...
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On-the-Job Training
sales training given in the field rather than in a formal classroom setting. more...
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One Hundred Percent Location
The retail site in a major business district that has the greatest exposure more...
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One Level Channel
a marketing channel in which there is only one intermediary (for example, a more...
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One Price Retailer
A store that offers all merchandise at a fixed price, the same to more...
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One-On-One Interviews
In-depth interviews involving a one-to-one relationship between the interviewer and the respondent. more...
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One-Price Policy
a policy of offering the same price to every customer. more...
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One-Step Approach
A direct-marketing strategy in which the medium is used directly to obtain an more...
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One-to-One Marketing
Customising products and marketing communication for an individual person or firm according to more...
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Ongoing Process Capability
Ongoing Process Capability is a long term measure of statistical process control or more...
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Online Advertising
Use of internet as an advertising medium where promotional messages appear on a more...
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Online Advertising Measures
Five basic measures are: (1) Visitor, someone who voluntarily connects to a website. more...
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Online Community
a network of people who communicate with one another and with an organization more...
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Online Corporate Reputation
The status of a corporation in the Internet through blogs, public discussions and more...
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Online Database
A web based filing system designed to store information. The database can be more...
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Online Marketing
Term referring to the Internet and e-mail based aspects of a marketing campaign. more...
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Online Rate
The charge rate per unit for goods or services that are ordered through more...
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Online Reach
The percentage of people reached through paid and owned media out of your more...
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Online Shopping
The act of purchasing products or services over the Internet. Online shopping has more...
- Ontology
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Open Account
The sale of goods on credit. The seller gives the buyer no written more...
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Open Bid
a system, common in the government market, of calling for bids from selected more...
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Open Contract
Whose terms do not constitute the entire agreement between the contracting parties and more...
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Open Dating
an aspect of labelling in which certain products are required, either by law more...
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Open Door Policy
Management practice whereby all employees have direct access to the senior executives without more...
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Open Economy
Market-economy mostly free from trade barriers and where exports and imports form a more...
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Open Innovation
A business concept developed by Henry Chesbrough which encourages companies to acquire outside more...
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Open Market Value
The price of goods and services when not controlled by cartels or government more...
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Open Order
An order sent by a store to a market representative to be placed more...
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Open Promotion
a sales promotion which is advertised widely and available to all who wish more...
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Open System
any system or enterprise (nation or business firm) that is affected by external more...
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Open-Ended Question
a question that allows the respondent the opportunity to express an opinion in more...
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Open-to-Buy
the money that a reseller has available to spend on stock purchasing at more...
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Opens / Open Rate
Opens / Open Rate metric is the number of recipients that have opened more...
- Operant Conditioning
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Operating Cash Flow
Net income plus depreciation and amortization. more...
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Operating Expenses
all the costs incurred by a firm in carrying out its day-to-day activities. more...
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Operating Statement
a statement of the financial results of a company's operations during an accounting more...
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Operating Strategy
The act of a company attempting to close the gap between its business more...
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Operational Definition
A definition of a construct that describes the operations to be carried out more...
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Operational Effectiveness
Any kind of practice which allows a business or other organization to maximize more...
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Opinion
A belief or emotionally neutral cognition the individual holds about some aspect or more...
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Opinion Leader
an individual who actively provides opinions about products to others or from whom more...
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Opportunism
Practice of exploiting circumstances in self-interest, specially without regard to moral principles or more...
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Opportunistic Behavior
The process of a business using the Generally Accepted Accounting Procedures for the more...
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Opportunities and Threats
Agents, factors, or forces in an organization's external environment that are out of more...
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Opportunity Analysis
see Marketing Opportunity Analysis. more...
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Opportunity Cost
the value of the benefit forfeited by choosing one alternative over another. more...
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Opportunity Matrix
a diagnostic marketing tool providing a means of appraising environmental attributes to alert more...
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Opt-In
A program where membership is restricted to users who specifically requested to take more...
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Opt-Out
A type of program that assumes inclusion unless stated otherwise. The term also more...
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Optimal Reorder Frequency
see Economic Order Quantity; Just-In-Time Inventory System. more...
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Optimal Reorder Level
see Economic Order Quantity; Just-In-Time Inventoy System. more...
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Optimising
an approach to planning in which a firm expresses its intention to do more...
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Option
A contract that allows the holder to buy or sell a specific stock more...
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Oral Contract
Contract that is not in a written form, but is entirely valid and more...
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Order Cycle Time
the time between placement of the order by the customer and the receipt more...
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Order Entry
The order entry phase is the beginning phase of the order cycle process. more...
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Order Filling Costs - costs associated with filling orders
warehousing, transportation, order processing, billing and collection of payments. more...
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Order Generation Costs - costs associated with obtaining orders
advertising, personal selling and sales promotion. more...
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Order Getter
a salesperson responsible for actively persuading customers to buy rather than simply collecting more...
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Order Processing
all of the activities related to filling a customer's order - checking the more...
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Order Register
A form or computerized record of orders placed with vendors. It includes the more...
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Order Taker
a salesperson who writes up orders but is not involved in persuading customers more...
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Order-Shipping-Billing Cycle
This describes the paperwork or information cycle of the order processing system. more...
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Ordinary Dating
This is illustrated by such terms as "1/10, net 30" of "2/10, net more...
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Organic Search Listings
Listings that search engines do not sell (unlike paid listings). Instead, sites appear more...
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Organic Search Rankings
Search engine ranking of web pages found in SERPs. Source: SEMPO more...
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Organisation
When used as a noun, organization implies the framework or structure within which more...
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Organisation Chart
A visual representation of an organization structure. It identifies the organizational unit and more...
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Organisation Marketing
activity related to the marketing of an association, school, college, hospital, sporting or more...
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Organisational Behavior
The management theory and practice relating to how and why people behave as more...
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Organisational Buyer
the individual responsible for the firm's purchasing. more...
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Organisational Buying
purchasing done by organisations for resale purposes, for use in the manufacture of more...
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Organisational Buying Behaviour
the study of the motives and actions of, and the influences upon, organisations more...
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Organisational Climate
The general internal organizational environment that is determined by the organization's structure, leadership, more...
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Organisational Goals
an organisation's broad, longer-term aims or performance expectations as opposed to its organisational more...
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Organisational Learning
Organization-wide continuous process that enhances its collective ability to accept, make sense of, more...
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Organisational Management
The process of organizing, planning, leading and controlling resources within an entity with more...
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Organisational Markets
the sum of all industrial, institutional, reseller and government markets whose buyers purchase more...
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Organisational Objectives
the sum of all industrial, institutional, reseller and government markets whose buyers purchase more...
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Organisational Structure
the way in which a firm has arranged its lines of authority and more...
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Organized Market
A group of traders operating under recognized rules in buying and selling a more...
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Original Retail
The first price at which merchandise is offered for sale, accounted for as more...
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Other-Directedness
A mode of conformity to the culture in which one draws values and more...
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Out Sizes
The sizes that are either very large or very small and, if offered more...
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Out of Stock
Temporarily not available. more...
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Out-Suppliers
suppliers with whom the buying organisation has not had dealings previously and therefore more...
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Out-of-Stock Costs
the cost of sales lost when a particular item is not available when more...
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Outbound Marketing
Outbound marketing is also referred to interruption marketing. Outbound marketing is used as more...
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Outbound Telemarketing
telemarketing in which a company uses trained salespeople to sell to customers by more...
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Outdoor Advertising
advertising by means of posters and signs, stationary or mobile. more...
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Outer-Directed Consumers
one of three broad groups of consumers (with inner-directed consumers and need-directed consumers) more...
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Outlier
An observation so different in magnitude from the rest of the observations that more...
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Outlined Presentation
A systematic sales presentation that lists the most important sales points that a more...
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Output Evaluation Measure
An objective measure of sales force performance including number of orders; average size more...
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Outreach
Reaching out to potential customers and/or leads by a variety of methods including more...
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Outside Order-Taker
a salesperson who visits customers to write up orders but is not responsible more...
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Outside Sales Facilities
manufacturers' agents and representatives, sales agents, dealers, distributors, etc available to supplement or more...
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Overage
The amount by which a physical inventory exceeds the book inventory figures, as more...
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Overcoming Objections
The process of successfully handling reasons given by prospects for not buying the more...
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Overhead Costs
Ongoing operational expenses incurred by a business. These expenses may be referred to more...
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Overprivileged Family
A family in a social class that has more than enough money to more...
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Overstored
A market condition that exists when a geographic market area has too many more...
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Owned Media
Any media that is owned and controlled by your brand. Examples include your more...
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Ownership
"The ultimate and exclusive right conferred by a lawful claim or title, and more...
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Ownership Provision
A provision that states that a policy may be owned by a different more...
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Ownership in Common
Right of ownership shared by two or more entities such that on the more...